MDM2 Inhibitor RG-7388 Promotes Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effect of MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of diffuse large B-lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Methods DLBCL cell strains SUDHL2 and HBL1 were treated with 2, 4, and 8 μmol/LRG7388, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 and EdU methods. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V–FITC/PI double staining and Caspase 3/7-Glo enzyme activity methods. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Changes in the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot. Results The IC50 of RG7388 for inhibiting SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells were 3.36 and 3.76 μmol/L, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of RG7388 was dose dependent. The proportions of G1 phase and apoptotic cells in the SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells treated with different doses of RG7388 were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The activity of Caspase 3/7 increased gradually with RG7388 concentration, compared with that in the control group. The expression levels of p53, p27, p21, and PARP increased, whereas the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL was down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusion MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cells, triggers cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and induces apoptosis through the p53 pathway.

Research progress on multi-target regulation strategies of tumor microenvironment based on nano-drug delivery system / 药学学报

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), cancer stem cells (CSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) and other components of the complex biological environment. TME interacts with the tumor cells through a large amount of signaling pathways, participates in the process of tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, TME has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment, exhibiting excellent therapeutic potential and research value in the field of cancer treatment. Currently, the novel nanotechnology has been widely applied in anticancer therapy, and nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery system is being explored to apply in TME modulation to inhibit tumor progression. Nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery has many advantages over traditional therapeutic modalities, including longer circulation times, improved bioavailability, and reduced toxicity. This review summarized the research of targeted nano-drug delivery based on TME regulation, including regulation strategies based on CSCs, CAFs, immune cells, ECM, tumor vascularization, exosomes, and microbiota. In addition, we summarized the advantages, opportunities, and challenges of TME regulation strategy compared with traditional treatment strategy, which provides a reference for the application of nano-drug delivery system based on TME regulation strategy in tumor precision therapy.

Mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Tetrandrine on striatum injury caused by microwave radiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To study the therapeutic effect Tetrandrine (TET) on striatal injury caused by microwave radiation and underlying mechanism.Methods:C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into blank control group (C), radiation control group (R), TET group (TET) and TET combined with radiation group (TET+ R). The mice of radiation group were exposed to 2.856 GHz 8 mW/cm2 microwave on whole-body for 15 min. TET (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days. The TET structure was verified by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The open field experiment was used to detect the change of anxiety in mice. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the striatum were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TMT). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect gene expression changes of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) subtype in the striatum.Results:The open field experiments showed that the time and distance of mice to explore the central region after microwave radiation were significantly lower than that before radiation ( t=4.60, 5.18, P<0.01), and the TET administration significantly improved these changes ( F=1.43, 4.37, P < 0.05). 7 d after microwave radiation, some neuronal nuclei in the striatum of mice contracted and could be stained deeply, which was more obvious in the globus pallidus area. The partial neuronal apoptosis, swelling and cavitation of glial cell mitochondria, blurring of synaptic gaps, and widening of perivascular gaps in the striatum were observed by TMT. The above lesions were significantly rescued after TET administration. But both microwave radiation and TET administration had no significant effect on the gene expressions of striatal VGCC ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:TET has a therapeutic effect on anxiety-like behavior and structural damage of striatum caused by microwave radiation, which is independent of the expression of striatal VGCC genes.

Clinical Evidence of Oral Chinese Patent Medicine for Ischemic Stroke： A Scoping Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The method of scoping review was used to systematically search and sort out the clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke，to understand the scope of relevant research and the distribution of evidence. Three medical catalogs were manually searched to obtain the oral Chinese patent medicines used for ischemic stroke，and 7 databases were retrieved to obtain the clinical research including these oral Chinese patent medicines. Then the clinical evidence results were visualized by description combined with chart analysis. A total of 68 oral Chinese patent medicines were retrieved，and 1 392 articles were included，with 367 published in core journals， involving 35 oral Chinese patent medicines. The research types included randomized controlled trials，cohort studies，case series，case reports，secondary studies，adverse drug reaction reports，pharmacoeconomic evaluations，drug interactions，consensus or guidelines，non-randomized intervention studies and cross-sectional studies，of which randomized controlled trials had the largest number （283， 77.1%），followed by secondary studies and case series （25， 6.7% for each）. Among the 283 randomized controlled trials，there were 159 clinical studies in the acute phase of ischemic stroke，65 in the non-acute phase，and 59 in the unclear phase. Ten intervention control types and 20 outcome index types were summarized. Among them， the composite outcome index and surrogate outcome index were used 217 times （76.7%） and 245 times （86.6%）， respectively，followed by the degree of neurological impairment （three scales）. Future clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke should clarify the stage of the disease，and the research design should specify the advantages of oral Chinese patent medicines intervening in ischemic stroke. Furthermore， publicly-recognized positive controls should be employed，and important clinical outcome indexes should be selected.

Outcomes and prognosis of radical surgery in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the survival, complications and prognostic factors in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by primarily radical surgery with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated in the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent Querleu-Morrow classification (Q-M classification) C2 radical surgery, including extensive hysterectomy+pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy based on postoperative risk factors. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival curve was drawn. Univariate analysis was performed by using the log-rank test to analyze the clinicopathological factors related to the prognosis of patients. Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox regression method to analyze independent risk factors affecting survival prognosis.Results:(1) The median age of 643 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 50 years old (45-58 years old). Clinical stage: 260 cases (40.4%, 260/643) of stage Ⅰb2, 383 cases (59.6%, 383/643) of stage Ⅱa2. (2) Among 643 cases underwent Q-M classification C2 surgery, 574 cases (89.3%, 574/643) of them received adjuvant therapy and 184 cases (28.6%, 184/643) of them had grade 3-4 complications after treatment, including 134 cases (20.8%, 134/643) early complications and 66 cases (10.3%, 66/643) late complications. The incidence of grade 3-4 complications in 574 patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy was 30.1% (173/574), which was significantly different from that in 69 patients who received surgery alone (15.9%, 11/69; χ2=6.08, P=0.014). (3) All 643 cases were followed up, and the median follow-up time was 40 months (3-76 months). During the follow-up period, 117 cases (18.2%, 117/643) recurred, including 45 cases (7.0%, 45/643) of local recurrence, 54 cases (8.4%, 54/643) of distant metastasis, and 18 cases (2.8%, 18/643) of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma were 79.9% and 85.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis, para-aortic lymph node metastasis, deep stromal infiltration, and lymph-vascular space invasion were significantly associated with 5-year PFS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.05). The maximum diameter of tumor, pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with the 5-year OS of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stages Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were independent factors affecting 5-year PFS and 5-year OS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.01). Conclusion:Radical surgery is a feasible and effective primary treatment for stagesⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, with a high 5-year survival rate and an acceptable complication rate.

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Inducing Autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of ethyl acetate fraction Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. (EDC) in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model in vivo.@*METHODS@#For in vitro study, HSCs were pre-treated with platelet-derived growth factor (10 ng/mL) for 2 h to ensure activation and treated with EDC for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The effect of EDC on HSCs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay, EdU staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot, respectively. For in vivo experiments, mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (2 ° L/g, adjusted to a 25% concentration in olive oil), 3 times per week for 6 weeks, to develop a hepatic fibrosis model. Forty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups using a random number table (n=10), including control, model, positive control and EDC treatment groups. Mice in the EDC and colchicine groups were intragastrically administered EDC (0.5 g/kg) or colchicine (0.2 mg/kg) once per day for 6 weeks. Mice in the control and model groups received an equal volume of saline. Biochemical assays and histological examinations were used to assess liver damage. Protein expression levels of α -smooth muscle actin (α -SMA) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) were measured by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#EDC reduced pathological damage associated with liver fibrosis, downregulated the expression of α -SMA and upregulated the expression of LC3B (P<0.05), both in HSCs and the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. The intervention of bafilomycin A1 and rapamycin in HSCs strongly supported the notion that inhibition of autophagy enhanced α -SMA protein expression levels (P<0.01). The results also found that the levels of phosphoinositide (PI3K), p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K all decreased after EDC treatment (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#EDC has anti-hepatic fibrosis activity by inducing autophagy and might be a potential drug to be further developed for human liver fibrosis therapy.

Clinical outcomes of four-point fixation for posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of four-point fixation in patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation.Methods:A retrospective case series study was adopted.Sixteen patients (16 eyes) with posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation who underwent suture suspension techniques with four-point fixation in Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled.Postoperative effects were observed during follow-up, ranging from 6 to 13 months.The preoperative and 6-month postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelium cell count and astigmatism were measured and the differences were compared, and the relationships between total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism or intraocular lens induced astigmatism were analyzed, and the postoperative position of intraocular lens and complications were observed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital (No.2015-C-012-01).Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery.Results:The mean preoperative UCVA (LogMAR) and BCVA (LogMAR) were 1.09±0.24 and 0.48±0.20, respectively, which were significantly improved to 0.30±0.12 and 0.26±0.13 at 6 months after operation, respectively.And the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.782, 3.795; both at P<0.01).The preoperative and 6-month postoperative corneal endothelium cell count were (2 270±360)/mm 2 and (2 032±327)/mm 2, respectively, and the difference was not significant ( t=1.921, P=0.074).The 6-month postoperative mean total astigmatism, corneal astigmatism and intraocular lens induced astigmatism were (-1.47±0.82)D, (-1.34±0.61)D and (-0.22±0.35)D, respectively.There was a highly positive correlation between total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism ( r=0.885, P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between total astigmatism and intraocular lens induced astigmatism ( r=-0.432, P=0.095).No dislocation, deviation or torsion of intraocular lens were observed during the follow-up.Varying degree of symptoms of iridocyclitis were observed during early stage after operation, which disappeared after treatment.There were two cases of high intraocular pressure, which were normal after treatment.No retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, corneal endothelial decompensation or other complications occurred during and after operation. Conclusions:There is a stable position of intraocular lens, good visual acuity and few complications after four-point fixation with suture and suspension, which is a feasible method to treat dislocated intraocular lens.

Baicalin induces ferroptosis in bladder cancer cells by downregulating FTH1

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Currently, the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest. Baicalin an active component in

Activated PKB/GSK-3β synergizes with PKC-δ signaling in attenuating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via potentiation of NRF2 activity: Therapeutic efficacy of dihydrotanshinone-I

@#Disrupted redox status primarily contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). NRF2, the endogenous antioxidant regulator, might provide therapeutic benefits. Dihydrotanshinone-I (DT) is an active component in Salvia miltiorrhiza with NRF2 induction potency. This study seeks to validate functional links between NRF2 and cardioprotection of DT and to investigate the molecular mechanism particularly emphasizing on NRF2 cytoplasmic/nuclear translocation. DT potently induced NRF2 nuclear accumulation, ameliorating post-reperfusion injuries via redox alterations. Abrogated cardioprotection in NRF2-deficient mice and cardiomyocytes strongly supports NRF2-dependent cardioprotection of DT. Mechanistically, DT phosphorylated NRF2 at Ser40, rendering its nuclear-import by dissociating from KEAP1 and inhibiting degradation. Importantly, we identified PKC-δ-(Thr505) phosphorylation as primary upstream event triggering NRF2-(Ser40) phosphorylation. Knockdown of PKC-δ dramatically retained NRF2 in cytoplasm, convincing its pivotal role in mediating NRF2 nuclear-import. NRF2 activity was further enhanced by activated PKB/GSK-3β signaling via nuclear-export signal blockage independent of PKC-δ activation. By demonstrating independent modulation of PKC-δ and PKB/GSK-3β/Fyn signaling, we highlight the ability of DT to exploit both nuclear import and export regulation of NRF2 in treating reperfusion injury harboring redox homeostasis alterations. Coactivation of PKC and PKB phenocopied cardioprotection of DT in vitro and in vivo, further supporting the potential applicability of this rationale. Graphical abstract

Effect of family oral health management on prevention of dental caries among preschool children in Huangpu District / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of dental caries in preschool children by family-based oral health management. Methods A total of 144 families with 3 years old children in Huangpu District were randomly divided equally into intervention group and control group.The intervention period was 2 years.Semi-annual oral health guidance was given to families in the intervention group(including oral examination, children′s deciduous teeth coating with fluoride, dental caries filling, oral health lectures for families, distribution of family oral health brochures, etc.)Families in the control group received annual oral examination.After the intervention, the parents completed their child′s oral health questionnaire. Results In the 2-year oral monitoring period, the incidence of dental caries in the intervention group and the control group was 9.72% and 22.22%, respectively within one year, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=4.19, P < 0.05).The incidence of dental caries was 12.50% and 36.11% within two years, and the difference between the two groups was also statistically significant(χ2=10.91, P < 0.01).Result of the questionnaire survey showed that children in the intervention group had better eating and oral health habits than the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion Regular and professional family oral health management can effectively reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve the oral health in preschool children.

Application of special acupoints for chronic gastritis in ancient literature of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

The application of special acupoints for different primary symptoms of chronic gastritis in ancient literature of acupuncture and moxibustion was analyzed and summarized. With keywords, electronic and manual retrieval of ancient literature being performed to establish a database, the association rules were performed with SPSS Modeler 18. As a result, ① among all the 2243 items included, 109 items mentioned special acupoints (excluding those only mentioned crossing acupoint). The frequency of special acupoints was 2554 (71.7%), and the special acupoints on the spleen meridian, the stomach meridian, the conception vessel were frequently used. The frequency of five- point was highest, followed by front- points. ② The special acupoints for four main primary symptoms of chronic gastritis, "stomachache" "vomiting and regurgitation" "belching and acid regurgitation" and "epigastric fullness", included Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), Zhongwan (CV 12), Gongsun (SP 4), Taibai (SP 3). In addition, the back- points were also selected to treat the primary symptoms other than "epigastric fullness". Zhangmen (LR 13) was added to treat "belching and acid regurgitation". The combination of Neiguan (PC 6) and Gongsun (SP 4) showed the strongest correlation; due to different primary symptoms, the combination had different emphasis.

The distribution of sleep duration in mid－pregnancy and its association with prehypertension / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To study the distribution of sleep duration in mid－pregnancy women and examine its association with prehypertension ( PHT) ． Methods In the baseline survey of a prospective cohort study，943 women in mid－pregnancy were recruited in Guangzhou，China in 2017－2018． A standardized questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics，sleep duration and other lifestyles． We obtained maternal blood pressure values，weights，heights，and medical histories from medical records． Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between sleep duration and PHT． Ｒesults The average daily sleep duration of women in mid －pregnancy was ( 10. 41 ± 1. 67 ) hours，and it was negatively related to age and educational level． Overall，98. 33% of pregnant women had a daily sleep duration ≥ 7 h and the distribution was related to passive smoking． The average night time sleep duration was ( 9. 48±1. 21 ) hours，and it was negatively related to age and educational level． The daytime sleep duration was ( 0. 93 ± 0. 69 ) hours，and it was positively associated with physical activity． The average bedtime was( 22 ∶ 42 ± 1．24) ，and it was positively associated with passive smoking． The prevalence of PHT was 9. 61%． We did not observe any significant association between sleep duration and PHT． Conclusions The mid－pregnancy women in Guangzhou had relatively long sleep duration， and it differed by maternal age，educational level，physical activity，and passive smoking． There was no significant association between sleep duration and PHT．

Layer-specific strain assessment on left ventricular function before and after PCI in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the changes of left ventricular function in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before PCI and within 24 hours after PCI by layer-specific strain, and to explore the value of this new assessment method for quantitative monitoring on the myocardial function in STEMI patients. Methods: A total of 40 patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, who underwent PCI in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University during July 2017 to July 2018, were included in this prospective cohort study. According to the symptom to balloon time (STB), the patients were divided into STB ≤6 hours group (26 cases) and STB 6-12 hours group (14 cases). Echocardiography was performed before, immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after PCI. Echocardiographic indexes including endocardial myocardial longitudinal strain (LS-endo), 18-segment full-thickness myocardial longitudinal strain (LS) of left ventricle and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) were measured. The mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in infarcted area (IALS-endo, IALS) and the mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in non-infarcted area (NIALS-endo, NIALS) were calculated. Results: There were 34 males and 6 females in this cohort and age was (62±10) years. In STB≤6 hours group, the IALS-endo value ((13.7±4.9)% vs. (10.0±2.7)%, P<0.05) and NIALS-endo value ((17.0±2.9)% vs. (14.6±2.9)%, P<0.05) were significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than those before PCI. In the group of STB 6-12 hours, IALS-endo decreased immediately after PCI ((6.7±3.3)% vs. (11.9±6.5)%, P<0.05), and there was a rising trend at 3 hours after PCI (P>0.05). At 24 hours after PCI, the index was higher than that immediately after PCI ((13.6±8.4)% vs. (6.7±3.3)%, P<0.05). The NIALS-endo value was significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than that before PCI ((17.1±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, P<0.05). In the STB 6-12 hours group, the decrease rate of IALS-endo immediately after PCI was higher than that in the STB ≤6 hours group (93% (13/14) vs. 35% (9/26), P<0.001). In STB ≤6 hours group, the NIALS value at 24 hours after PCI was higher than that before PCI (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in IALS, NIALS and GLS at other time points (P>0.05). Conclusions: Layered LS is superior to full-thickness LS and GLS in evaluating left ventricular function in STEMI patients. LS measured by echocardiography can continuously and quantitatively evaluate the changes of left ventricular myocardial function in STEMI patients before and after PCI.

Correlation between the severity of enlarged perivascular space and retinal vessel abnormalities in mild stroke and transient ischemic attack / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) and retinal vessel abnormalities in transient ischemic attack (TIA) and mild stroke patients.Methods:TIA and mild cerebral infarction (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score≤3) patients were enrolled from March to August 2019 in Changzhou Second People′s Hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging and retinal fundus photography were performed in all patients. Retinal arteriovenous diameter was semi-automatically measured, and retinal arteriosclerosis grades, vascular curvature, hemorrhages, microangioma, hard exudation, soft exudation, arteriovenous nicking and venous beads were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the existence of EPVS: EPVS group and non-EPVS group. The baseline data of the two groups were compared and further multivariate Logistic regression was carried out. After normal transformation of the number of EPVS, the correlation between the grades of EPVS and converted EPVS was analyzed. The relationship between the number of converted EPVS and the grades and retinal fundus vascular lesions was further analyzed.Results:A total of 123 patients were included, including 99 patients with cerebral infarction, 24 patients with TIA; 52 patients without EPVS and 71 patients with EPVS. The EPVS group was more than the non-EPVS group in age ((68.61±12.71) years and (63.37±13.53) years, t=-2.198, P=0.030), history of hypertension (52 (73.2%) and 25 (48.1%), χ 2=8.118, P=0.004), hemangioma (17 (23.9%) and 5 (9.6%), χ 2=4.196, P=0.041), arteriovenous nicking (50 (70.4%) and 8 (15.4%), χ 2=36.488, P<0.05) and arteriosclerosis grades (1 (1, 2) and 0 (0, 1), Z=-7.454, P<0.05), and less than the non-EPVS group in central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE; (106.31±15.02) mm and (113.89±11.86) mm, t=3.014, P=0.003) and arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR; 0.54±0.07 and 0.59±0.05, t=4.553, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed arteriosclerosis grades ( OR=7.781, 95 %CI 2.876-21.055, P<0.05) and hypertension ( OR=3.203, 95 %CI 1.049-9.777, P=0.041) were related factors for EPVS. Adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and diabetes, the normally transformed EPVS was found positively correlated with arteriovenous nicking ( B=0.556, 95 %CI 0.203-0.910, P=0.003) and arteriosclerosis grade ( B=0.417, 95 %CI 0.259-0.576, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with AVR ( B=-4.213, 95 %CI-6.712--1.714, P=0.001). The grades of EPVS were positively correlated with arteriosclerosis ( r=0.764, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with CRAE ( r=-0.287, P<0.05) and AVR ( r=-0.422, P<0.05). Conclusions:Hypertension and retinal arteriosclerosis are related factors of EPVS in mild stroke and TIA patients. EPVS is correlated with retinal vessel abnormalities. The more serious of EPVS is, the more serious of retinal arteriosclerosis is, the higher ratio of arteriovenous nicking is, the smaller of CRAE and AVR are.

Symptomatic Profiles of 173 Chinese Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the symptomatic burden of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and its relation with clinical characteristics including the mutation status, therapeutic protocols and sex.@*METHODS@#Total of 173 Chinese ET patients were selected and grouped on the basis of disease characteristics (mutation status, therapeutic pro to- cols, and sex).@*RESULTS@#All the groups showed low-to-high symptom burden, with the highest in the Hu (hydroxyurea)-group (total symptom score [TSS], 14.7; range, 7.6-14.7). In the JAK2V617F-positive, Hu-treated, and female groups TSS and independent symptom scores were higher than those in the control group. The CALR-positive and IFN-α-treated groups had lower overall and individual scores as compared with groups lacking the corresponding characteristics. As the number of characteristics (JAK2V617F-positive, Hu-treated, and female) increases, the severity of symptoms gradually increased.@*CONCLUSION@#The different characteristics have various effects on symptom burden in ET patients. The accumulation of certain characteristics will lead to more severe symptom burden, thus the patient＇s symptom burden should be considered comprehensively when making up the treatment schemes and prognosis.

The effect of alteration map of insulin injection sites on insulin intensive therapy for type 2 diabetes / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the application of rotation map of insulin injection site in patients with type 2 diabetes in-sulin intensive therapy.Methods 240 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the endocrinology department for insulin intensive therapy were enrolled in the study by random sampling method from February to September 2016.The patients were divided into ob-servation group and control group by random digit table, 120 cases in each group. The routine insulin injection method was used to guide the patients in the control group. The patients in the observation group were guided by the rotation map of insulin-injection sites during the hospital stay.In the three months and six months after discharge,the two groups were compared in terms of cutaneous reaction. Result The cutaneous reaction of the insulin injection site in the two groups was compared,showing that the incidences of cutaneous reaction in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group 3 months and 6 months after discharge(P<0.05). Conclusion The rotation map of insulin injection sites can prevent patients from repeatedly injecting insulin and thus reduce the incidence of cutaneous reaction.It is worthy of clinical application.

Effect of Shenqi Yizhi Granule on Serum MMP2 and VEGF Levels in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To explore the effects of Shenqi Yizhi Granule on the cognitive function and the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF in serum of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods: Taking APP/PS1 double transgenic mice as the research carrier, Shenqi Yizi granule was used to interven for 180 days. The learning and remembering ability was tested by Morris water maze, passive avoidance test, and open field. The pathomorphism of the hippocampus CA1 region of mice was tested by HE staining and electron microscopy. The concentration of MMP-2 and VEGF in serum was tested by ELISA. Results: Compared with the blank group, the escape latency of the model group was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05), and the frequency of the entering medium ring was obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.05). The number of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 area was reduced, and the arrangement was disordered. The nuclear pyknosis was deeply stained, and the ultrastructure of nerve cells was abnormal. The concentration of MMP-2 and VEGF in serum was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency of treatment group was decreased (P ＜ 0.05) and the frequency of the entering middle ring was increased (P ＜ 0.05). The concentration of MMP-2 and VEGF in serum was decreased (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: Shenqi Yizhi Granule could improve the ability of learning and memory of APP/ PS1 double transgenic mice, and decrease the concentration of MMP-2 and VEGF in serum.

Study on the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Shuganning Injection on Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Shuganning injection on alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF) in model rats,and provide experimental basis for its clinical application for alcoholic liver disease. METHODS:50 rats were enrolled and intraperitoneally given mixed liquid of 60% alcohol-corn oil-pyrazole to reduce ALF model. Another 10 rats were enrolled and intraperitoneally given normal saline,as normal control group. After 16 weeks,survived model rats(n=40)were ran-domly divided into model group,positive control group(Anluo huaxian pill 0.75 g/kg,ig),Shuganning injection high-dose,medi-um-dose,low-dose groups(4.8,2.4,1.2 mL/kg,ip),8 in each group. Normal control group and model group were intraperitone-ally injected equal volume of normal saline (5 mL/kg),administration groups were given relevant medicines,once a day,for 8 weeks;and modeling was contiuously conducted at the same time. After administration,body mass of rats was weighed,and the levels of liver function indexes [aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)] and liver fibrosis indexes [hyal-uronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),type Ⅲ procollagen(PⅢNP),type Ⅳ collagen(Ⅳ-C)] in serum of rats were detected. Liver index of rats was determined and pathological changes of liver tissue were observed. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,body mass of rats in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);liver index,and liver function index,liver fibro-sis index levels in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Liver tissue showed steatosis,hepatocyte vacuoliza-tion,a large number of fibrous tissue deposition around portal areas and other pathological changes. Compared with model group,above-mentioned changes were improved significantly in administration groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Shugan-ning injection can obviously improve liver tissue damage of model rats with ALF,showing certain preventive and therapeutic effect on alcoholic liver disease.

Process optimization and component analysis of extracting seed oil from Schisandra sphenanthera by supercritical CO2 / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction conditions of Schisandra sphenanthera(SS)seed oil by supercritical CO2ex?traction and identify its components by GC-MS.Methods SS seed oil was used as tested material,response surface methodology was used to optimize the process of supercritical CO2extraction,and GS-MS method was used to analyse SS seed oil composition.Results A model of an equation was established,which could be used to optimize the process parameters of supercritical CO2extraction of SS seed oil. The optimum extraction parameters were as follows:the extraction pressure was 33 MPa,the extraction temperature was 53℃,the extraction time was 90 min,the CO2flow rate was 21.40 ml/min.In this condition,the extraction rate of SS seed oil was 7.97%.The SS seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS,and 23 compounds were identified.In these compounds,(1α,4a.β,8a.α)-1,2,3, 4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethenyl)-naphthalene,(-)-1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-tricyc?lo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane and(R)-2,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1H-(σ-phenyl)cycloheptene had the content of more than 10% and the contents were 27.78%,14.77% and 13.12% respectively.Conclusion This process has high extraction rate, fast speed and simple operation,and can be used for the extraction of SS seed oil.

Research progress on therapeutic targets of active components in Chinese herbs for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 中国中药杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic liver injury, which is closely associated with insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. Traditional Chinese herbs used in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are widely investigated in recent years. A series of recent studies show that the effects of the active components in traditional Chinese herbs on NAFLD are associated with activating AMPK signaling pathway, improving insulin resistance, modulating the activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and regulating intestinal flora. In this review, the potential therapeutic targets of the active components from traditional Chinese herbs for NAFLD would be summarized to provide a new thought for further research and clinical treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.